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Andreï Makine
Andreï Sergeyevich Makine ((ロシア語:Андрей Серге́евич Макин); born 10 September 1957) is a Russian-born French author. He also publishes under the pseudonym Gabriel Osmonde.〔("Who is Gabriel Osmonde? A French Literary Mystery is Solved" ), New York Times, April 1, 2011〕 Makine's novels include ''Dreams of My Russian Summers'' (1995) which won two top French awards, the Prix Goncourt and the Prix Médicis.
==Biography==
Andreï Makine was born in Krasnoyarsk, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union on 10 September 1957 and grew up in the city of Penza about 440 miles south-east of Moscow.〔Murielle Lucie Clément. (''Andreï Makine'' ). Rodopi, 2009. pg. 141〕 As a boy, having acquired familiarity with France and its language from his French-born grandmother (it is not certain whether Makine had a French grandmother; in later interviews he claimed to have learned French from a friend), he wrote poems in both French and his native Russian.
In 1987, he went to France as a member of a teacher's exchange program and decided to stay.〔Christopher W. Lemelin, "Andrei Makine" in ''Multicultural Authors Since 1945''(Amoia, Alba, and Bettina L Knapp, eds.). Oxford and Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2004.〕 He was granted political asylum and was determined to make a living as a writer in French. However, Makine had to present his first manuscripts as translations from Russian to overcome publishers' skepticism that a newly arrived exile could write so fluently in a second language.〔("Torn Between Two Languages" ), Victor Brombert, New York Times, August 17, 1997〕 After disappointing reactions to his first two novels, it took eight months to find a publisher for his fourth, ''Dreams of My Russian Summers''. Finally published in 1995 in France, the novel became the first in history to win both the Prix Goncourt and the Prix Médicis plus the Goncourt des Lycéens.
In 2001 Makine began secretively publishing as "Gabriel Osmonde", a total of four novels over ten years, the last appearing in 2011.〔 It was a French literary mystery and many speculated about who Osmonde might be.〔 Finally in 2011 a scholar noticed Osmonde's book ''20,000 femmes dans la vie d’un homme'' had been inspired by Makine's ''Dreams of My Russian Summers'' and Makine confirmed that he was the author.〔 Explaining why he used a pseudonym he said, "I wanted to create someone who lived far from the hurly-burly of the world".〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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